RESTRICTIONS ON RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS FOR THE SAKE OF PUBLIC HEALTH DURING A PANDEMIC
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66556/2522-4549.2529.koshovyi-bKeywords:
restriction of rights and freedoms, pandemic, quarantine, public health, proportionality, COVID-19, Constitution of UkraineAbstract
The article examines the constitutional and legal foundations for restricting human and civil rights and freedoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, taking into account domestic and international experience. The legal regime of quarantine, established by resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on the basis of the Law of Ukraine "On Protection of the Population from Infectious Diseases" of April 6, 2000, No. 1645-III, is analyzed, and its correlation with the legal regimes of states of emergency and martial law provided by the Constitution of Ukraine of June 28, 1996, is determined. The restrictions on freedom of movement, the right to peaceful assembly, the right to education, the freedom of entrepreneurial activity and the right to work, introduced in Ukraine during 2020, are examined through the prism of the principles of proportionality and necessity enshrined in Articles 8–11 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of November 4, 1950, and Article 64 of the Constitution of Ukraine. The Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Aimed at Preventing the Occurrence and Spread of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)" of March 17, 2020, No. 530-IX, which significantly expanded the powers of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine regarding the establishment of quarantine restrictions, is analyzed and the degree of constitutionality of the restrictions it introduced is determined in view of the delegation of broad powers to the executive branch. The practice of the European Court of Human Rights regarding the admissibility of restrictions on rights in conditions of threats to public health is considered, including the judgments in the cases of Enhorn v. Sweden and Vavřička and Others v. the Czech Republic, and proposals for improving the legal mechanism of restricting rights in crisis situations, including the normative enshrinement of the principle of proportionality, are formulated.References
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